语法45 (2-1)

Subjunctire MoOd

虚拟语气

一 语气的分类

陈述语气

陈述事实或提出看法，有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式

I went to the theatre yesterday.

Jack hadn't come back home yet.

祈使语气

请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等

Let's go.

Don't touch anything on the table until the bell rings.

虚拟语气

虚拟语气的概念

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。

1)在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生或实现的。句中的条件从句和结果主句皆用直陈述语气。如

1 Oil floats if you pour it on water.

你如把油倒在水里，油就会浮起来。

②If I have enough money next year, I will go to Japan.非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。先将用于非真实条件句中的虚拟时态列表如下：

1. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.

2.If I had taken your advice, I wouldn't have made a mistake.

在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中，表示与事实相反的条件和结果。

1)与现在事实相反：

should (would

If 主语were

V-ed...主语 could, might) +V原

2)与过去事实相反：

If 主语 had V-ed ，主语should (would

could,might) thave V-ed

3)与将来事实相反：

If 主语should

were to ---主语should (would

could, might) +V原

2、错综时间的虚拟句

通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.

1.If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句指现在，主句指过去)。

2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now.(从句指过去，主句指现在)。

.3. If we hadn't been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn't be going so smoothly.

(从句指过去，主句指现在)。

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